Overview of the DoD Procurement Process

The Defense Department procurement process can be confusing and complicated. There are a variety of contract types – each with its own pluses and minuses. The regulations can be daunting since they seem to be the size of the tax code. The competition for contracts can be fierce. There is a lot of paperwork. But Defense contracting can be profitable and rewarding. Defense Department purchases typically begin at one of three points: sole source procurementprocurement under an existing multiple award contractnormal procurement Sole Source Procurements Sole source procurements are made when there is only one company that can fulfill the contract. This procurement is rare and must be documented very well by the government. You are more likely to get a sole source procurement once you have some government contracts and have an open contract vehicle available. Multiple Award Contracts Procurements under an existing multiple award contract are becoming much more common. Multiple award contracts (MAC) such as GSA schedules, Navy Seaport-e, and Air Force NETCENTS II involve companies obtaining a contract and then compete for task orders. Only those companies with a multiple award contract can compete for the task orders and task orders are the work. MAC’s are valuable since the number of companies that can compete for the resulting task orders is much smaller. The process for obtaining a MAC is similar to acquisitions over $25,000 discussed below. One type of multiple award contracts is Broad Agency Announcements or BAAs. BAAs are solicitations issued by an agency when it seeks basic research work. Topics of interest are presented and companies and universities submit proposals with possible solutions needing funding. Normal Procurements Normal procurement is split between simplified acquisitions (those below $25,000) and all the rest. Simplified Acquisitions Simplified acquisitions are purchases under $25,000 and require the government purchasing agent to obtain quotes either orally or through a brief written quote. Then a purchase order is issued to the lowest responsible bidder. The Navy says that 98% of their transactions are below $25,000 meaning there are billions of dollars available to small companies. Simplified acquisitions are not advertised so to get these contracts you have to get in front of the purchasing people so they will call and get a quote from you. Purchases Over $25,000 Purchases over $25,000 are publicized on the Federal Business Opportunities website. On this website, you will find Requests for Proposals (RFPs) for practically everything the government purchases. Review the RFP summaries carefully and when you find one of interest download the RFP documents. Read the documents very carefully and write a proposal in response and in complete compliance with the RFP documents. Make sure you know when the proposal is due and get your proposal submitted before the due date and time. Late proposals are rejected. Proposals are evaluated by the government according to the procedures listed in the RFP. Sometimes there may be questions asked but not always. Most of the time the decision is made based solely on your proposal so be sure everything is in it or you may lose the opportunity. Once you are awarded the contract, a contracting officer will send you a letter and contact you to negotiate a contract. If negotiations go well a contract will be finalized. Some purchases will not require negotiations so the government will issue you a purchase order. Be sure you read all documents carefully and fully understand what they mean. Contracting with the Defense Department can be complicated – better to know what you are agreeing to than finding out after signing a legally binding contract. It is now time to complete the contract and obtain more work.

Mehar Hashmi . British Literature Romanticism To Present

Mehar Hashmi British Literature: Romanticism to Present Professor Duncan Hasell May 4, 2017 Great Expectations of Being Earnest In a class-based society, where your class will determine the rest of your life and who you will marry, what is better to improve in social class, hence improving all aspects of your life but at the price of sacrificing your moral code and ethics towards the people that are there for you and love you or to be honest, gentle, loyal, and respectfully to everyone around you even if you don’t get the thing you cherish and hold dearly? That’s the theme of the novel, Great Expectation by Charles Dickens, mocking the class-system that British empire utilized during the Victorian Era that he lived in. Stating that†¦show more content†¦Even when was pursuing to become a â€Å"gentlemen† he showed this excellent quality of kindness, in the case as he used his own birthday allowance to help Hebert get a job. However, Pip does change do he him falling in love with Estella. This is due to the fact, that both of them aren’t in the same social class and stature. So, Pip starts having â€Å"Great Expectations† for himself in the sense he wants to become a part of higher society so he can win Estella and end up with her in. Due to this, he becomes more resentful the life he has and in a sense, betrays the people that truly care for him in his pursuit of trying to become a gentleman. The first sign of this is seen when he was going to get the fortune to move to London. He started acting snobbish and got the mentality that he is good for the place is currently in and too good for those around him. This got further worse in the novel, where to the point where he starts seeing those he loved as lower and embarrassed by them being around him. For example, when Joe came over to check on him he felt that way to the person that is his father figure and idol. In the pursuit of the high li fe, he was becoming lower than the people he got embarrassed by. He when he goes back to visit Joe and his country friends he has that feeling of embarrassment as if he was better person since he

Visual Art In Greek Mythology Essay Example For Students

Visual Art In Greek Mythology Essay Visual art is one of the most important facets of ancient culture. Not only is visual art aesthetically pleasing to the senses, but it aids us in grasping the concepts of civilizations and stories that we could not fully understand in simple text. Greek mythology has bred some of the most beautiful works of art ever created. These works tell the stories they represent in lively form, color and style. One of the most famed works of art representing Greek mythology originated in 460-450 BC. This is the statue of Zeus. There are arguments about whether it is Zeus or Poseidon, because they are both pliable possibilities, but for simplicitys sake, let us assume it is Zeus. The statue of Zeus is one of great pride. He stands without hesitation. He appears to be in his 40s, but his physical body is muscular and shapely. His very stance is once that demands attention and respect. This represents his role: Zeus the chief god. Zeus is strong, powerful, and just. In the statue, Zeus is about to throw one of his lightning bolts of justice. We will write a custom essay on Visual Art In Greek Mythology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now His face is very stern and focused, as if he is seriously concentrated on the matter at hand. He stands unashamed of his exposed manhood, which is very representative of Zeuss character. Zeus is most known for his tendency to spread his seed throughout both the goddess world and the mortal woman world. It was considered a great honor to be a son or daughter of Zeus. Years and years later, in 1622, a sculptor named Gian Lorenzo created the sculpture Pluto and Proserpine. This sculpture represents the story of the capture of Persephone by Hades. Hades, the Roman Pluto, is depicted holding Persephone, the Roman Proserpine, by her waist and thigh. Persephone is turned away from Hades, pushing his face away. She attempts to squirm free of his strong grasp, a look of horror and fear on her face. It would seem this represents the moment Hades brings her to the underworld and tells her she is to be his queen. It is clear they are in the underworld because of Hades dog at his side. As Persephone pushes him away, he almost looks offended at her refusal. It is clear she cannot escape, for his body is obviously strong and muscular, and both her feet are off the ground, but her attempt is a feisty, determined one. This shows how much she does not want to stay with Hades in the underworld. The pain she feels is so apparent; her other arm is raised, as if reaching for some sort of escape, and her face is turned, as if she wouldnt even look at him. The open mouth of Hades dog also indicates that theres some sort of struggle going on, like it is barking. There is so much violent, sexual energy in this sculpture. It probably also represent the very moment before Hades ravishes Persephone. Moving further through time, the beautiful painting Cupid Kissing Psyche is created by Francois Gerard in 1798. This piece is absolutely mesmerizing. In the story of Cupid, or Eros, and Psyche, Eros is commanded by his mother Aphrodite to shoot his arrows at Psyche and make her fall in love with an ugly creature because she is jealous of her beauty. When Eros sees Psyche, he himself falls in love with her, and takes her away to be his secret bride. The only condition she must follow is that she cannot see him, for she cant know his true identity. At first Psyche is frightened, but begins to love Eros, still unknowingly. This painting represents this stage of the story, where Psyches love for the unidentified Eros is growing. The very color scheme of this painting is intensely calming and serene. Psyche sits amidst beautiful scenery, staring straight ahead. Eros is next to her, but she does not seem to notice. His hands are so close to her, but its hard to tell whether he is touching her or not. .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c , .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c .postImageUrl , .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c , .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c:hover , .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c:visited , .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c:active { border:0!important; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c:active , .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u01899904c81c2213896693bbc6c6255c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Differences Between Aegean And Egyptian Art EssayThe beautiful youth of Eros is obviously deeply in love with her. Though Psyche cannot see Eros, her face seems to sense him there, and there is no trace of fear. Though it is a painting of Eros and Psyche together, I believe the painter intends for it to be an expression of their love, and not a literal scene. (Meaning, Eros is not actually there beside her. ) She is holding herself tenderly, as if treasuring a memory. Both their bodies are painted so softly and so insanely beautiful that the mind is overcome by their love when viewing this work. In 1809, painter John Vanderlyn painted Ariadne Asleep on Naxos. Ariadne was a beautiful brown-haired maiden who fell in love with the hero Theseus. Ariadne aided Theseus in his slaughter of the Minotaur, and in return, requested to be his bride. Theseus accepted her offer, and after defeating the Minotaur, brought her with him. On the island of Naxos, however, Theseus abandoned her as she slept. This painting represents the moment Theseus sails off, as seen in the background to the right. Ariadne sleeps, stretched out on the ground, her body exposed and relaxed. She looks peaceful, as if she is happily dreaming of her lover, Theseus. The red shades used around her body give her a sexual energy, and yet she rests on a cloth of white, representing her innocence and virginity. Perhaps she is dreaming of her long-awaited wedding with Theseus and the birth of her sexuality. It is tragic in the sense that she may be thinking all these things, while her fianc? Â © is sailing off without her and she has no idea. But because she is portrayed in such a desirable way, it almost hints that there will be someone else. As one story goes, the god Dionysus finds her on Naxos and makes her his wife. There is a burst of light where Theseus is sailing away, representing a love that leaves her. But there is another burst of light coming from the opposite direction, hidden in the left, illuminating her body, possibly representing a love that finds her. Painted more recently, in 1908, is Apollo and Daphne by John William Waterhouse. The story behind this painting begins with a conversation between the sun god Apollo and the god of love, Eros. Apollo asks why such a youth like Eros is carrying around weapons of war, and Eros becomes offended. Eros shoots Apollo with the gold-tipped arrow, making him fall desperately in love with the wood nymph Daphne, while he shoots Daphne with the lead-tipped arrow, making her despise Apollo. Apollo pursues Daphne and she rejects him. Daphne is soon transformed into the laurel tree, and Apollo is seen professing his love to this tree. This painting shows the end of the chase. Apollo is reaching for her, his face locked to hers. In his other hand is his musical instrument, ready to woo her. Daphne looks distressed and frightened because of Apollos persistence. The roots begin to hold her in place, beginning the transformation. In their faces, you can see the results of Eros arrows. Apollo is so focused on winning Daphnes affections that there seems to be nothing else in the world for him to do. Daphne seems so repulsed by him, you can almost hear her scream Leave me alone! just by looking at her face. These five examples really express the importance of visual art in mythology. Because we can see these pieces whenever we want, we can relive the stories whenever we want as well. They allow us to really see the thematic emotion behind each story and each god, goddess, nymph and mortal. They take the immortals and make them, well, immortal.

Internationalization Fast Fashion Retailers -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Internationalization Fast Fashion Retailers? Answer: Introducation Marketing mix is nothing but a set of combination of several elements that go along with the marketing strategy for any company. It enables company to achieve the marketing objectives, goals, mission and vision of the company (Armstrong, 2016). This mix helps to identify the needs and clearly differentiate between the products from its competitors. It is also defined as a set of actions or tactics used by a company to promote and advertise its brand and product in the market. Basically, there are 7ps of marketing that cover the marketing mix of a company. Here, 7ps of marketing mix will be further explained using a reputed clothing brand H M. Price: Price is the total cost of value that is used for the sale of the product. It also depends on the cost of the production, targeted segments, ability of the market to be pay, supply and demand of the product in the market, and some other direct and indirect factors. Here, pricing strategy of HM is set and designed according to the needs of the customers and the needs of the customers is low price with high fashion demands. In fact, this has become one of the biggest challenges faced by the brand because it is very difficult to manage the combination of high fashion with low price. But HM successfully aimed to achieve such objective using two major steps (Pratap, 2017). First one is outsourcing the production of the products to many countries where the labour cost was very low. It helped them to achieve low cost for the product. Moreover, outsourcing of product was arranged according to different product. The high fashion products which used to target European market were mainly produced in Turkey because of the short life cycle of the product. Major products were produced in Asia because they provide long transportation time and cover reduced risk (Zozi, 2014). Second one is it conduct strict cost to control its plan. For an example. Very few top-level executives have secretaries and have mobile phone privilege which helps to incur low cost for the company. So, these were the two major steps followed by HM that helped them to achieve a low fashion business in the trending market (Shen, 2014). HM has successfully adopted a pricing strategy that has the broader pricing range which will best be suited for the customers. To maintain a median pricing strategy, they keep a lot of products with a heavy discount in it. This helps them to increase the sales volume of the product which results in creating the larger revenue for the company as well. Sometimes, it also offers discounts on its fresh stocks and proved itself as the leader in cutting costs at each possible corner. Place: Place is defined as the area where the company or the brand sells its products to its customers. HM is the ranked as the second clothing retailer across the whole world that serves the network in an around fifty-five countries. The head office of the company takes care of every aspects of the products from the production department and the planning of the merchandise. The products of this brand are made in nearly eight hundred factories which are established in Asia and Europe (MBA, 2017). Today the outlets of HM are easily available and convenient because customers are able to shop many products at one single store. The company has also expanded its locations with a very reasonable price which is easily affordable by every customer. It has also established its locations at very high-profile areas. The very first HM outlet was opened in `947 and today it manages 3500 stores across the world. It purchases raw materials directly from its suppliers and then after the preparation, sells its products directly to the retail outlets. It has also offered online digital platform to its potential customers where customers can go through all the products in their leisure time and buy the desired products ordering via internet. HM logistics are simple, reliable and transparent (Mo, 2015). Basic products are made in Asia while fashionable products are made in turkey. The products that are produced in Asia are transported by ocean to incur low cost. While in Europe, all the goods ar e transported by railway. So, 90% of the transportation are done via rail or ocean. Air is very rarely used because it charges a lot to bear the cost. HM uses direct distribution channel for the sell of its goods i.e. from producers to customers. It does not involve any intermediaries and aims at cutting the middle transaction. It also aims at ensuring at delivering its products with a quicker time. Since, HM refreshes its product on daily basis, it assures basic access to its customers and manages the command from headquarter to the outlets effectively (Kotabe, 2014). Promotion: Identifying and understanding the target audience is basic rule to develop the promotional strategy by any company. HM target audience are very young women who are fashion obsessed and who wants more fashion cloth at low price. Promotional strategy includes advertising, internet promotion, and sales promotion. Moreover, HM promotional strategy is highly consistent with the whole marketing strategy (Mastro, 2017). Today, customers need high fashion with low price which is offered by HM. basically, the promotional actions of HM focuses on major two factors i.e. It is quite easy to find the posters and hoarding of HM which are available in fashionable style and price tagged always with the clothes. If we see the price tagged in Zara or Gap, they are always seen small but HM always focuses on putting the price at the very obvious position which can easily be seen and observed by the customers (Biew, 2017). HM also aims at conducting an eye catching promotional events where they invite famous fashion designers who design clothes for them. For example, HM had invited Karl Lagerfeld in 2004, McCartney in 2005 and many more. This helped them to create the brand image and generate public awareness in the mind of every customers. Promotional activities of HM have been successfully revealed high ability to gain quick response from its customers. HM has also appointed watchdog who will look after the working condition of the place and conduct protection which will increase the brand image (Lu, 2014). Product: HM is one of the most reputed and trusted clothing brand with thousands of retail outlets across the world. The core varieties of products under this brand are clothing and accessories for both women and men. Those sections include dresses, basic jumpers, vests, pants, jeans shirts, shoes, purses and jewellery. The brand focuses on both the quality as well as maintaining low price. They launch new product lines in regular intervals which enables the customers to get fresh product. At least 25% of the stock in the company includes fast fashion products and younger generation finds the reasonable price with latest fashion trends (HM, 2011). They basically focus on the young range of segments which results in the huge amount of sales of products. Special designers design the clothes for the company with increase the brand image. HM also sells home textile sand decorative products which is refreshed and updates time to time. HM has also launched beauty product line in it in 2015 which sells both beauty and makeup products (Bhasin, 2017). Cheap Monday: it serves both sexes in terms of fashion and style. It influences street fashion style and encourages youth to buy its products. The core product of this brand is denim rage which is sold at reasonable price. Monki: IT aims at targeting at young women but sells fashion clothes for all ages. The products of this brand are found inspiring and innovative in todays era. People: In order to get success in the market, HM has places its customers on the first priority. Customers must be served first to achieve success. Customers should be satisfied and they should be taken into highest consideration. HM have managed to conduct several training programs to train their staffs who deals with the customers. They are well trained to act and behave the customers wants them to behave. The service team needs to be fully aware about the latest technologies and keeps themselves updated. They should help HM how to penetrate the market and gain the maximum profit. If customers will be ill treated or if they will not be entertained, they will avoid demanding the particular brand and slowly and gradually the image of the brand will diminish in the market. So, it is vey important to makes the customers happy and satisfied with the products they buy (Campaign, 2015). Since HM aims at focusing on the low price with fashion clothes, it assures to create more number of happy customers towards it. Physical Evidence: Physical evidence is nothing but the way of presenting the goods which are available for sale purpose. The presentation of goods plays a very vital role because it is the only way a customer sis attracted towards the product and gives a choice of purchasing it. Majority of people judge the product by the way they are displayed or the way the shop is arranged. If the display of the goods is attractive, they will automatically buy the goods. Likewise, they also make sure to present their staff in a well-mannered. HM have well trained their staffs so they are quite representable and well behaved. Since, HM is providing the online digital platform, it is also very important that the website looks nice and all the required information must be presented on the website clearly. Customers who would prefer online shopping must not find any difficulties in shopping online and should get all the required information on the website only. Process: The process of HM brand is very simple, realistic and transparent. It basically focuses on the customer services. The process of the HM is highly involved in the research and development. It is also highly involved in the IT team which constantly supports the team and provides assistance (Ho, 2017). It aims at keeping all the website updated and managed and focuses on gaining the attention of the maximum customers. The process chain of the HM does not involve any middle person because it manufactures the product and sells directly to the retail outlets. It uses railways and ships for the transportation because it causes minimum cost as compared to other modes of transportation (Hansson, 2011). Partnerships: There are basically two major owners of the brand HM i.e. foreign owners and Swedish owners. Foreign owners 23.8%of shares and remaining 76.2% of shares are owned by Swedish owners. The major shareholders of this brand are The Stefan Person family and related companies, The Lottie Tham family and related companies, STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST OMNIBUS, Didner Gerge Fonder Aktiebolag and many more (HM, 2018). Major issues of marketing mix involved in HM brand Although marketing mix is the way of providing a basic and important framework, it is not enough to work according and gain detailed marketing strategy. Sometimes it creates several problems. The problem in HM is found majorly in two aspects. First, marketing mix requires adjustments in particular business environment and the second one is it is nothing but more like a backbone instead of blood to the company because it provide clear and suggestions in more detailed format. From the given above analysis there are 7ps which helps to identify the components of marketing mix of the brand HM. But it is again not important that these 7ps will work for every organization in the similar way i.e. they might not be equally important in different business. For an example, the stock of inventory is least important in the cosmetic business (Harrison, 2011). Here in the case of the famous brand HM, the marketing mix is insufficient in managing and maintaining interaction with its customers. The interaction with the customers include contribution to various factors like better product design or better customer services or better customer satisfaction or better involvement in solving the queries of the customers. It failed to interact with its customers and the customers were dissatisfied with the product offered by the brand. Moreover, HM has faced a major issue in the advertising technique used by them.it was a racist advertising campaign which was really offending among the customers and around the world. It created lots of obstacle and degraded the image of brand in the minds of customers. While advertising the product, the brand used a young black child who was wearing a hoodie printed coolest monkey in the jungle (Blow, 2018). People started reacting on it and raised their voice against it. The quote represented that it was tone deaf and filled with lots of racist undertones which was not totally accepted by the customers. HM apologized for it and worked for it to remove the advertising form the internet. They also worked on proving that it was not done intentionally neither it was done to focus any racism segments or target any of the color but it didnt work out. They were deeply sorry for the product image presented (ABC, 2018). The other main issue related to the brand was the low price. The customers who are fashion obsessed and who go for the quality products will definitely not think before investing more rather than buying the cheap products. HM offers products at low price though the products are fashionable. The HM has huge variety of products sold at a very reasonable price which are easily affordable by the middle segments of customers. The major competitors of HM are Zara and mango. Since they are luxury brand, they offer products with higher price and higher quality as compare to HM. customers who would be given choice between HM and Zara will but obvious choose Zara because of the quality they offer. Here, price will be the second priority when it comes to fashion. Customers today will look for good quality and is happy to pay for it. So, keeping these things in mind, HM should aim at focusing on the quality issue because the quality offered by it is low with low price. Likewise, other issues involves promotions and advertising. Since, there was a major issue involved due to racism, the online digital marketing of the brand has been reduced. The online platform is less preferable by the customers which has already decreased the sale of the products offered by them through internet. Similarly, HM has very low advertising and promotions campaigns involved in it (Pasquarelli, 2018). It promote its products but needs to work ore on it. It should focus more on the several campaigns and create more public awareness programs so that customers will be more aware about the product and will be more inspired to buy the product. Other issue involved is process issues. HM uses ocean and railways for the transportation of its products. Ocean and railways are used as the modes of transportation because it reduces the cost incurred in the logistics. The cost incurred in railway and ocean are very low as compared to the cost involved in other means of transportation. It takes lots of time to get the products delivered via railway and ocean. The delivery time taken to reach the product from the factory to the retail outlet is very high which creates issues in the overall process of the brand. The stock will not reach the destination at the allocate time and will result in low availability of the products as well. Recommendations Since, the target customers for the brand is from 18-24 that only represent the young male and female. It does not target other segments of people. So, it is recommended that it should start targeting audience of all the ages and start launching the products for all ages. It should offer products that will be available for kids as well as middle aged persons. Other major recommendation is related to price. HM offers product with low price which targets middle income people. The people whose income is average will definitely prefer such brand but what about the people who prefer high quality and happy to pay high amount for it. The major competitors of HM are Zara, Mango and Forever 21. They offer high quality products with high price and most of the people prefer it. But when it comes to HM, it offers low price which does not target people with high income. So, it should start targeting people with higher income and manage in producing the product with high quality and higher price range. The modes of transportation involved in HM are railway and ocean. It takes long delivery time to reach its products from the factory to the retail outlets. So, in order to reach product on time, it should start using other modes of transportation as well to reduce the delivery time. The above mentioned recommendations if followed can help in building a strong relationship with its potential customers. It will also help HM to create a positive image in the minds of customers and increase the overall sales of the company as well. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that HM has successfully maintained its sustainability in the market as well as in the minds of the customers. Today customers are happy with the brand and their likes are increasing on daily basis. They have proved themselves in providing the fashion trends to the customers with a very reasonable price. Moreover one of the great thing offered by this brand is that it offers the same product and operations in all of their markets which enables them to provide more sustainable future References ABC, (2018), HM issues new apology over 'Coolest monkey in the jungle' hoodie with black child, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: abc13.com/society/h-m-apologizes-for-using-black-child-in-slogan-about-monkey/2913043/ Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., (2015). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bhasin. H, (2017), Marketing mix of HM HM Marketing mix, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: https://www.marketing91.com/marketing-mix-hm/ Biew. K, (2017), HM Promotion strategy, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: https://heroinandmoss.blogspot.in/p/h-promotion-strategy.htm Blow. C, (2018), HM issues apology after using image of black child wearing 'monkey' hoodie, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: https://www.thejournal.ie/hm-apology-racist-image-3787769-Jan2018/ Campaign, C.C., (2015). 10 ways HM is spinning the facts on worker safety. Campaign, C.C., (2015). Clean Clothes Campaign response to agreement between HM and IndustriALL. HM group, (2018), investors, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: https://about.hm.com/en/about-us.html HM, (2011), product strategy, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: https://heroinandmoss.blogspot.in/p/product-strategy.html Hansson, M., (2011). What impact has a fast fashion strategy on fashion companies supply chain management? Harrison, R.L. and Reilly, T.M., (2011). Mixed methods designs in marketing research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 14(1), pp.7-26. Ho, D.C., (2014). A case study of HMs strategy and practices of corporate environmental sustainability. In Logistics Operations, Supply Chain Management and Sustainability (pp. 241-254). Springer, Cham. Kotabe, M. and Helsen, K., (2014). Global marketing management. Lu. C, (2014), HM Supply Chain Strategy - Successful Retail Inventory Control, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/hm-retail-inventory-control Mastro. S, (2017), Advertising Promotion - HM, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: https://prezi.com/rnp2bclugxwu/advertising-promotion-hm/ MBAskool, (2017), HM Marketing Mix, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on:https://www.mbaskool.com/marketing-mix/services/16924-h-and-m.html Mo, Z., (2015). Internationalization process of fast fashion retailers: evidence of HM and Zara. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(3), p.217. Pasquarelli. A, (2018), HM apologizes after accusations of racist ad, reviews 'internal routines', viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: https://www.adageindia.in/marketing/cmo-strategy/hm-apologizes-after-accusations-of-racist-ad-reviews-internal-routines/articleshow/62420186.cms Pratap. A, (2017), HM Marketing Mix 4Ps, viewed on 1st February, 2018. Available on: https://www.cheshnotes.com/2017/09/hm-marketing-mix-4ps/ Shen, B., (2014). Sustainable fashion supply chain: Lessons from HM. Sustainability, 6(9), pp.6236-6249. Zozi, J. and Janicic, R., (2014). CREATIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES HM VS ZARA. INCITING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONGST YOUTH USING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES 1729, p.1766.

The Great ha-jin Essay Example

The Great ha-jin Essay Ha Jin has written many unique stories that have influenced a large number of readers. One of his more popular stories, The Bridegroom dealt with the controversial topic of homosexuality and how we, as humans, should deal with this important issue. Jins short stories, The Bridegroom were published in 2000 (Weich).There are twelve short stories in The Bridegroom and three of them were selected for The Best American Short Stories (Thomas).In the title story, he writes about the authors adopted daughter who gets married to a handsome guy but he turns out to be a homosexual (Jin). The Bridegroom is an interesting story because it keeps the reader wondering what will happen at the end of the story. Claire Messud of The New York Times believes that this story was a great pleasure.She also believes that Ha Jin has an excellent storytelling talent.I thought the story was different because of the cultural background.I like the way Jin narrated the story and then suddenly added a twist. The B ridegroom is a very unusual story.The story is based on the authors son-in-law and his adopted daughter.The story starts of with Beina (adopted daughter of the author), who is having a hard time finding a boyfriend (Jin 91).Then, all of a sudden a guy by the name of Huang asks her to marry him (Jin 91).Later in the story, Huang gets arrested for the crime of homosexuality (Jin 95).Huangs father in law decides to put him in a mental hospital with the hope of curing him but it turns out that he can never be cured. Jin describes Huang as very kind and handsome man (92).He also points out that Huang was so handsome that all the girls in the authors factory were jealous of Beina when Huang asked her to marry him (Jin 92). He says that Huang is so handsome that he was surprised when Huang asked his daughter, Bein

The Untold History of American Indian Slavery

The Untold History of American Indian Slavery Long before the transatlantic African slave trade was established in North America a transatlantic slave trade in Indians had been occurring since the very earliest European arrivals. It was used as a weapon of war among the European colonists and as a tactic for survival among Indians who participated in the slave trade as slavers. It contributed to the fierce decline in Indian populations after the coming of the Europeans along with devastating disease epidemics and lasted well into the eighteenth century when it was replaced by African slavery. It has left a legacy still felt among Native populations in the east, and it is also one of the most hidden narratives in American historical literature. Documentation The historical record of the Indian slave trade is based on many disparate and scattered sources including legislative notes, trade transactions, journals of slavers, government correspondence and especially church records, making it difficult to account for the entire history. It is well known by historians that the slave trade began with the Spanish incursions into the Caribbean and Christopher Columbus’s taking of slaves, as documented in his own journals. Every European nation that colonized North America utilized Indian slaves for construction, plantations, and mining on the North American continent but more frequently in their outposts in the Caribbean and in the metropoles of Europe. As the pieces of the puzzle come together in the scholarship, historians note that nowhere is there more documentation than in South Carolina, what was the original English colony of Carolina, established in 1670. It is estimated that between 1650 and 1730 at least 50,000 Indians (and likely more due to transactions hidden to avoid paying government tariffs and taxes) were exported by the English alone to their Caribbean outposts. Between 1670 and 1717 far more Indians were exported than Africans were imported. In southern coastal regions, entire tribes were exterminated through slavery compared to disease or war. In a law passed in 1704, Indian slaves were conscripted to fight in wars for the colony long before the American Revolution. Indian Complicity and Complex Relationships Indians found themselves caught in between colonial strategies for power and economic control. The fur trade in the Northeast, the English plantation system in the south and the Spanish mission system in Florida collided with major disruptions to Indian communities. Indians displaced from the fur trade in the north migrated south where plantation owners armed them to hunt for slaves living in the Spanish mission communities. The French, the English, and Spanish often capitalized on the slave trade in other ways; for example, they garnered diplomatic favor when they negotiated the freedom of slaves in exchange for peace, friendship and military alliance. In another instance of Indian and colonial complicity in the slave trade, the British had established ties with the Chickasaw who were surrounded by enemies on all sides in Georgia. They conducted extensive slave raids in the lower Mississippi Valley where the French had a foothold, which they sold to the English as a way to reduce In dian populations and keep the French from arming them first. Ironically, the English also saw it as a more effective way to civilize them compared to the efforts of the French missionaries. Extent of the Trade The Indian slave trade covered an area from as far west and south as New Mexico (then Spanish territory) northward to the Great Lakes. Historians believe that all tribes in this vast swath of land were caught up in the slave trade in one way or another, either as captives or as traders. Slavery was part of the larger strategy to depopulate the land to make way for European settlers. As early as 1636 after the Pequot war in which 300 Pequots were massacred, those who remained were sold into slavery and sent to Bermuda. Major slaving ports included Boston, Salem, Mobile and New Orleans. From those ports Indians were shipped to Barbados by the English, Martinique and Guadalupe by the French and the Antilles by the Dutch. Indian slaves were also sent to the Bahamas as the breaking grounds where they mightve been transported back to New York or Antigua. The historical record indicates a perception that Indians did not make good slaves. When they werent shipped far from their home territories they too easily escaped and were given refuge by other Indians if not in their own communities. They died in high numbers on the transatlantic journeys and succumbed easily to European diseases. By 1676 Barbados had banned Indian slavery citing too bloody and dangerous an inclination to remain here. Slavery’s Legacy of Obscured Identities As the Indian slave trade gave way to the African slave trade by the late 1700’s (by then over 300 years old) Native American women began to intermarry with imported Africans, producing mixed-race offspring whose native identities became obscured through time. In the colonial project to eliminate the landscape of Indians, these mixed-race people simply became known as colored people through bureaucratic erasure in public records. In some cases such as in Virginia, even when people were designated as Indians on birth or death certificates or other public records, their records were changed to reflect â€Å"colored.† Census takers, determining a person’s race by their looks, often recorded mixed-race people as simply black, not Indian. The result is that today there is a population of people of Native American heritage and identity (particularly in the Northeast) who are not recognized by society at large, sharing similar circumstances with the Freedmen of the Cher okee and other Five Civilized Tribes.

ETHICAL DECISIONS IN LEADERSHIP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ETHICAL DECISIONS IN LEADERSHIP - Research Paper Example In her present job Lael Mathews faces this glass ceiling, people higher up the hierarchy are trying to interfere with her job. She must promote one of three managers, and all of her choices have disadvantages and advantages. She must decide from Liz, Roy, or Quang. Although she has a soft spot for Liz and knows that Liz can really use the money provided by the promotion but also knows that being a single mother she can not show full commitment and an above average performance. Promoting Liz will however bring positive PR to the company as she is an African American. Lael’s boss is also favoring Liz for the job. The other choice Roy although old, has been up for a promotion for a long time, and many employees think that he deserves it. Further more a senior manager had made a personal request for his promotion. The final candidate for the job is Quang. She is an intensive hardworking Asian. Always among the top students of her class she has provided the company with record perf ormances in the past. Moreover she is engaged to an upper management person’s son, who is intent on getting her promoted. Narrowing it down, the problem that Lael faces is: As Lael is a woman she is pressurized by everyone with power. The main reason upper management employees keep pushing her for their respective favorites in case of this promotion, is because they all think they can bend her according to their will, as she is a woman. If she goes against their will, they can do great harm to her career in the future. The greatest threat can be from her supervisor who wants Liz to be promoted. His request is though of a less personal nature as compared to the supporter of Quang. He is much more intense in his support as she is a relative to him. Lael as a human being is also effected by her personal emotions. Her association with Liz can severely impact her promotion decision. Moreover in light of the recent accident

Voice traffic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Voice traffic - Essay Example The acceptance by the telecommunications industry to converge mobile concept aims at facilitating for the incorporation of voice over WiFi (Fathi, Chakraborty, & Prasad, 2011). Nonetheless, a number of benefits and issues are evident while sending voice over a typical wireless network as depicted by the paper. There are various benefits associated with sending voice over a wireless network. For instance, the major benefit of sending voice over wireless networks is saving costs. For instance, companies have managed to save billions of dollars by making calls over wireless networks. Furthermore, it is possible to deploy voice communication over a wireless network, creating room for flexible communication. As such, it is true that sending voice over wireless networks plays a vital role in realizing cost savings, particularly because it mobilizes the workforce. Here, they can manage to address the needs of clients in an efficient manner while in the facility being served by the wireless network. Regardless of the benefits affiliated with sending voice over a wireless network, a number of issues prevail, hindering companies from utilizing the full potential sending voice over wireless networks (Geier & Geier, 2010). For instance, sending voice over wireless networks is sensitive to technology. In this case, calls should be set up as well as authenticated, while voice packets are required to reach their destination without interruption and in a timely manner. As such, companies experience challenges when designing a network stream in a continuous manner, making it prone to interruptions by data transmissions that are less sensitive. As such, in a typical wireless network voice calls suffer from weird sounds, delays, echo, and noise (Geier & Geier, 2010). Sending voice over wireless networks is also highly dependent on bandwidth. As such,

Relation of learning styles and business training Statistics Project

Relation of learning styles and business training - Statistics Project Example This chapter presents the results of analysis of the data that have been collected through sample survey. The data have been edited and coded using Micro Soft Excel and analyzed with popular statistical package- SPSS. The analysis has been undertaken in conformity with the research objectives and hypotheses set. The chapter also discusses and justifies the proof/rebuttal of any hypotheses. The major findings of the study are also demonstrated after analysis of each relevant question. Figures are exhibited wherever appropriate to make it more readable and comprehensible for readers. The above table exhibits the number of workers employed across departments. It is clear that operations department has largest number of workers and project department has only 9 workers out of the sample 74. It is also evident that department project and operations employ no female workers and the entire female employees working with the organisation belong to support department. The Table No. 2 shows the work experience of employees. Among the sample respondents, 27 percent have got experience in between 3 and 5 years. It is also clear that of the total; only 19 percent employees have experience of more than 9 years. Employees having less than 1 year experience accounts for only 20 percent, which is backed by 16 percent with 5 to 9 years experience. Table No. 3 Employee Opinion on Training Effectiveness Response Frequency Percent Strongly Agree 13 17.6 Agree 39 52.7 Neither Agree nor Disagree 8 10.8 Disagree 8 10.8 Strongly Disagree 6 8.1 Total 74 100.0 This table depicts the employee opinion on the effectiveness of training programme undertaken by the firm. Majority of the employee support the training programme that they believe training programme is effective. Among the supporters around 18 percent strongly agree, while 53 percent agree with the present system of training. However, those who do not support the present system accounts for around 19 percent, which does not sound to be a negligible one. Table No. 4 Employee Response to Mentor Method Response Frequency Percent Strongly Agree 5 6.8 Agree 5 6.8 Neither Agree nor Disagree 22 29.7 Disagree 31 41.9 Strongly Disagree 11 14.9 Total 74 100.0 Table No. 4 is intended to present the employee response to mentor method of training. It is clear that majority of the employees do not support the innovative method. Employees who support account for a meager percent when compared to that of non-supporters. Non-supporters come to around 57 percent, while those who reluctant to opine on this is around 30 percent. Table No. 5 Employee Response to Benefits of External Training Response Frequency Percent Agree 14 18.9 Neither Agree nor Disagree 31 41.9 Disagree 18 24.3 Strongly Disagree 11 14.9 Total 74 100.0 Table No. 5 shows the response of employee to External training arranged by the firm. It is evident

Evaluation of UK Legislation and Policy on Fracking

Evaluation of UK Legislation and Policy on Fracking AN EVALUATION OF CURRENT UK PLANNING LEGISLATION AND POLICY MEASURES TO CONTROL THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF FRACKING ON WILDLIFE CONSERVATION Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction The pace of the development of Britains Shale-gas industry is accelerating due to the current governments policy to progress the extraction of shale-gas, or fracking as commonly known, to provide energy security, growth and jobs (DBEI. 2017). Commercial extraction of shale-gas is not yet in production, but exploration of the recoverable amount available is occurring. Shale-gas could potentially be a resource that transforms the UK energy market and contribute to the national security of supply. However, whilst the economic potential is apparent, the environmental and social implications are unknown. There have been reports of earthquakes (in Lancashire) (DECC 2013), leakage of fracking chemicals and gas (methane) into the water table, where fracking has occurred, most typically in the United States of America (Finkel and Hays 2016). There has also been campaigning by community groups opposed to fracking because of the environmental concerns. Hydraulic fracturing involves injecting a viscous fracturing fluid carrying a proppant, usually select sand, which is left in fractures to hold them open and promote substance migration to wellbores but advances in directional drilling with a greater horizontal reach means that multiple wells can be drilled from a single pad. (Zillman et al. 2015). However, this could include horizontal drilling beneath Nature Reserves, Country Parks, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) etc. Some of the concerns by these new technologies are: (a) Air emissions. (b) Water quality and quantity (aquifer and surface water contamination by fracturing fluid chemicals). (c) Potential seismic activity, particularly in major fault areas. (d) Public participation in regulatory decisions concerning fracturing activities. (e) Transparency, including public disclosure of chemicals and toxicity information. (f) Disturbance creating dust, noise, and congestion in communities that host fracturing operations. (Zillman et al. 2014.) All of which have potential to impact upon humans and wildlife conservation. Consequently, the Law and Policy surrounding fracking and the environment to conserve wildlife will be evaluated. Aims and Objectives This study aims to evaluate current UK planning legislation and policy with regard to the potential impacts of fracking on wildlife conservation. An analysis of the controls available for the protection of wildlife and the compensation procedures that are currently in place will be discussed within this report. The analyses of concerns and opinions of the businesses involved, government policy, wildlife organisations, public and media opinions which may have an impact on future planning policies and procedures, habitat degradation, human health, and wildlife conservation will be undertaken. Case studies, government articles, fracking company media statement and media reports used to illustrate current approach. An analysis and evaluation comparison of two shale gas companies within the two counties of Nottinghamshire and Lancashire, both of which have had planning permission granted for fracking exploration sites. In the county of Lancashire, planning permission was refused not only for an exploration site but for extraction of shales gas. The company turned to the government to appeal this decision which was overturned. Preston New Road Action Group (a group of local residents) has subsequently appealed and the hearing is set for 15 March 2017. Therefore, are the strategies that are currently in place sufficient to meet all needs from both companies, the conservationists, the public and the government? To investigate and evaluate the policies and procedures required by the Shale gas companies to obtain planning permission to include Environmental Impact Assessments, are these effective, detailed sufficiently and acceptable? What are the procedures post damage or accident? Is this acceptable? Critical analyse of each perspective. Methods Materials This evaluation analysis is a desktop review and will therefore not require the participation of human, animal, and environmental subjects. Information will be sourced from scientific and law books, scientific journals, media reports and websites (such as governmental, legal and the companys websites). European Law will not be taken into consideration due to the imminent exit from the European Union. Therefore, only the Laws and policies currently in place for England and Wales are to be included. Some of the topics covered in this study will be: Environmental Law; Law Commission Report 2012; National Planning Policy Framework; Environmental Impact Assessments of the sites in the two Counties; Company information of the two companies involved Caudrilla Resources and IGas plc. The criteria used when searching for information was based upon: Environmental Law; Fracking in the UK; Legislation and policy with regard to planning in the UK; Fracking in Lancashire; Fracking in Nottinghamsh ire; Hydraulic Fracturing; Shale Gas; UK Shale Gas Fracking House of Commons 2017; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. to be completed. Not quite sure how to finish this off Chapter 2: Shale-gas Fracking 2.1 Overview of fracking. Extraction of a natural gas known as shale gas is found in shale rock formations that can be extracted by Hydraulic fracturing (fracking). The gas is mined by drilling a well down vertically until it hits the shale, then horizontally. This involves inserting high volumes of water mixed with chemicals into the rock to cause it to fracture and release the gas. See Figure 1. Currently the UK government supports fracking although concerns remain about the adequacy of current UK regulation of groundwater and surface water contamination and the assessment of the environmental impact. Figure 1. Hydraulic Fracturing and environmental concerns (Carbon Brief 2013). 2.2 Legislation and policy relevant to fracking, and wildlife conservation. Environmental regulation is intended to protect the environment. The impact and effectiveness of the legislation can be considered from several perspectives which seem to be fragmented and haphazard at best. Some of the law statutes for environmental protection include: Clean Air Act 1956 Clean Neighbourhood and Environmental Act 2005 Control of Pollution Act 1974 as amended in 1989 Environment Act 1995 Environmental Protection Act 1990 Freedom of Information Act 2000 Law of Property Act 1925 National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 Nature Conservancy Council Act 1973 Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 Town Country Planning Act 1990 Water Resources Act 1991 Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 Case Law will also be included where relevant. The principles under common law governing property rights to the subsurface and to minerals are necessary to understand the law governing activities using geological developments. The general rule (with some exceptions) is that the rights deriving from the possession or ownership of an estate in land extends upwards and downwards. The Latin phrase that expresses this rule is cujus est solum ejus est usque ad coelum et ad inferos; to whom the soil belongs, to that person it belongs all the way to the sky and the depths (Zillman et al. 2014). Therefore, permission from the land owner must be sort to enable permission for fracking to take place on privately owned land. In the case of Bocardo v Star Energy UK Onshore Ltd in 2010 the land owner sued the oil company for trespass for three wells made under its land for directional drilling. In the case Star Energy Weald Basin Limited (and another) v Bocardo SA (Supreme Court Judgment, 28 July 2010). There is no depth limit after which geolo gical formations are owned by the state and that any invasion of it must have a physical effect on the surface. It could be said therefore that considering the risks associated with fracking and public opinion generally against fracking, land owners would not allow fracking upon their land but government incentives and fracking companies payments to allow access can be a high incentive to land owners. This could influence the conservation of wildlife if directional drilling undermines a special conservation site alongside a landowner that has agreed permission. Who owns shale gas? Shale gas counts as petroleum within the meaning of the Petroleum Act 1998 and the rights are vested in Her Majesty. By section 2(1) of that Act. The Crown has the exclusive right of searching for and getting petroleum in its natural condition within Great Britain. The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) issues licenses to companies for exploration and for mining. The Oil and Gas Authority (a department within the government) is responsible for awarding onshore oil and gas licenses, which include exploratory fracking operations. On 17 December 2015, the Oil Gas Authority (OGA) announced that licences for a total of 159 blocks were formally offered to successful applicants under the 14th Onshore Oil and Gas Licensing Round (OGA 2017). Proposals for shale gas exploration or extraction in England Wales are subject to the requirements of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 administered by the Minerals Planning Authority (MPA) for the area in which the development is located. Individual town and city planners face a difficult task, they are required to consider the future economic and social needs of the community and provide the best possible environment in which to live and work (Evans, Stephenson, and Shaw 2009). Public and conservation charities opinion and opposition to the proximity of the well sites. The legal framework for land use planning and relevant legislation will be discussed individually for Lancashire and Nottinghamshire later. In May 2015, the government issued a statement regarding sustainable development making decisions now to realise our vision of stimulating economic growth and tackling the deficit, maximising wellbeing and protecting the environment, without affecting the ability of future generations to do the same (DEFRA 2015). Each department within the government is responsible for their own policies and activities to create sustainable development with DEFRA overseeing decisions. As you will see from the statement: development, economic growth and tackling the deficit, comes as a priority before wellbeing and protecting the environment. In June 2012, the government commissioned The Royal Society to compile a Review of Hydraulic Fracturing and their initial findings concludedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The health, safety and environmental risks associated with hydraulic fracturing (often termed fracking) as a means to extract shale gas can be managed effectively in the UK as long as operational best practices are implemented and enforced through regulation (RS and RAE 2012). However, they also made ten recommendations summarised as: to detect groundwater contamination, to ensure well integrity, to mitigate induced seismicity, to detect potential leakages of gas, water usage and wastewater should be managed in an integrated way, an Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) should be mandatory for all shale gas operations, best practice for risk management should be implemented. (RS and RAE 2012). These recommendations should be included within the planning and licensing applications. On the 6 April 2016, section 50 of the Infrastructure Act 2015 came into effect introducing amendments to the Petroleum Act 1998 regarding when and how consent can be issued for hydraulic fracturing in relation to the exploration and production of shale gas. The changes to the Infrastructure Act 2015 gives the shale gas companies in England Wales the means to access deep level land at least 300 metres underground for deep geothermal energy, one of which is shale gas. It also imposes a formal consent from the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change. It also originally stated that there would be a ban on fracking in National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) but SSSIs have been excluded and now allow for underground fracking. It should be noted that some regulators whom approve licenses for fracking, such as the Environment Agency, view prosecution as a last resort and prefer to adopt a compliance strategy. The Environment Agency is a government run organisation who work to create better places for people and wildlife, and support sustainable development. (Environment Agency 2017). Environmental permitting regulations cover: protecting water resources, including groundwater (aquifers), assessing and approving the use of chemicals which form part of the hydraulic fracturing fluid appropriate treatment and disposal of mining waste produced during the borehole drilling and hydraulic fracturing process suitable treatment and management of any naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) disposal of waste gases through flaring In the planning process the Environment Agency can be a statutory consultee and provides local planning authorities (county or unitary local authority) with advice on the potential risks to the environment from individual gas exploration and extraction sites (DBEIS 2017). The government publish documentation to convince the public of the strict processes companies have to adhere to before obtaining approval, operators pass rigorous health and safety, environmental and planning permission processes before any shale operation can begin in the UK (DBEIS 2017). See figure 2. Figure 2. Infographic: What happens before a company can explore for shale gas? (DBEIS 2017) 2.2 Impact on Wildlife Conservation, the concerns and public opinion. The first resource for environmental implication impact to consider is water. The quality, quantity used, accessibility of the resource and waste water disposal. Vast quantities of water mixed with proppant and chemical additives, for example: gelling and foaming agents, friction reducers, crosslinkers, breakers, pH adjusters, biocides, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, and surfactants are injected under pressure to release the shale gas and enable the gas to return to the surface. One third of them lack mammalian toxicity data (Stringfellow et al., 2014). The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) 2013, states that it is likely to involve the use of large quantities of clean water, typically 10,000 to 30,000 m3 water per well (10,000 to 30,000 tonnes). The water may be obtained from the local water supply company sources or by abstraction from surface or groundwater (if permitted by the relevant environment agency under licence). Loss of well integrity has led to contamination of surrounding strata by fracking fluid and/or methane (Jenner and Lamadid, 2013). Most water used is locked away underground and never returned to the natural hydrological cycle. Impacts on water quality have a potential to impact on contamination of groundwater aquifer layers with either the fracking fluid used to dislodge gas, or the methane gas itself (which is of course poisonous). As you will see from the following map of Great Britain this shows drilling sites and aquafers. See figure 3. Also, to be considered is the potential surface discharges of contaminated produced water (water drawn from the formation to initiate production, which flows to the surface for life of the well) and flowback water (predominantly fracturing fluids, which comes to surface after fracking is completed and before production begins) from shale gas production that could contaminate natural surface waters. Not only is this a risk to public health but als o the biodiversity or loss of biodiversity in the relevant environment. A permit, under the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010 (EPR), from the Environment Agency is required where fluids containing pollutants are injected into ground, where they may enter groundwater. To date there is no evidence that such a contamination has occurred in any site currently in Great Britain, but is it only a matter of time before an accident does occur which will affect the biodiversity of that area. Figure 3.(a) Map of UK showing location of onshore wells drilled for exploration or production and productive aquifers. (b) Map of UK showing location of potential shale gas and oil reservoirs and productive aquifers. Aquifer base map reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey.  ©NERC. All rights Reserved. (Davies et al. 2014). High pressure injection of water into shale formations has been linked to seismic events in Lancashire which will be discussed later. Public participation and consultation has become fundamental for energy regulators due to the intensity and immediacy of public engagement. The intense media scrutiny and broader public knowledge, as well as increased public organizations (local action groups) and the development of social media have contributed to improved citizen communication and often made local issues national and international (Zillman at al. 2015). This has resulted in public demonstrations against fracking in each local community to which fracking licensing have been granted. It would seem that much of public opinion is against fracking. The Infrastructure Bill (Jan 2015) originally said there would be a ban on fracking in National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Sites of Special Scientific Interest and introduced mandatory Environmental Impact Assessments. But just eight months later, a major U-turn on this commitment has placed some of the countrys most sensitive and precious wildlife sites at risk by excluding SSSIs from the ban and allowing licences for underground activity in highly protected wildlife sites. 2.4 Controls currently in place. In the UK, the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) followed the recommendations of the joint report of the Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering and developed a stop light protocol whereby thresholds for different acceptable levels of seismicity are defined, and if a level is breached during the hydraulic fracturing process the entire operation is to be terminated (DBEIS 2017). This procedure was implemented after seismic activity in Preston in the Lancashire shale gas area. See Figure 4. Figure 4.Infographic: Seismic activity traffic light monitoring system (DBEIS 2017) Chapter 3: Comparison of Fracking planning procedures for two Counties 3.1 Current fracking in the UK In January 2017, the House of Commons produced a Briefing Paper titled, Shale gas and fracking, which states that there has been recent approval of two planning decisions in Lancashire and North Yorkshire suggesting that commercial fracking is getting closer. 3.2 Nottinghamshire County Council Further public consultation is required before Nottinghamshire County Councils Planning and Licensing Committee can consider a planning application for an exploratory shale gas well-site on land off the A634 between Barnby Moor and Blyth. Dart Energy is seeking planning permission to undertake exploratory drilling for shale gas at the site, known as Tinker Lane. The application is for exploratory drilling, to check the suitability of the rock for shale gas extraction. Nottinghamshire County Councillors will consider the countys second planning application to undertake exploratory drilling for shale gas at the Planning and Licensing Committee meeting on Tuesday 21 March. The application was submitted by Dart Energy in May last year to drill one exploratory vertical well 3,300 metres deep and three sets of groundwater monitoring boreholes on land off the A634 between Barnby Moor and Blyth The application is not seeking permission to carry out any hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking. The application site, which is currently open farm land, is around one mile north of Barnby Moor and 1.5 miles south east of Blyth. Permission is sought for a temporary period of up to three years, with the drilling taking place for approximately four months. The County Council has received over 800 representations from the local community and a petition. (NCC) 3.3 Lancashire County Council On 1 April and 27 May 2011 two earthquakes with magnitudes 2.3 and 1.5 were felt in the Blackpool area. These earthquakes were suspected to be linked to hydraulic fracture treatments at the Preese Hall well operated by Cuadrilla Resources Ltd. Thus, operations were suspended at Preese Hall and Cuadrilla Resources Ltd were requested to undertake a full technical study into the relationship between the earthquakes and their operations. Cuadrilla submitted to DECC a synthesis report with a number of technical appendices on 2 November 2011, and published this material on their website. These reports examine seismological and geomechanical aspects of the seismicity in relation to the hydraulic fracture treatments, along with detailed background material on the regional geology and rock physics. They also estimated future seismic hazard and proposed recommendations for future operations to mitigate seismic risk. Further information supplied by Cuadrilla in the course of this assessment is available as Annexes below. The independent experts have now made recommendations to DECC for mitigating the risk of induced seismicity resulting from continued hydraulic fracturing at Preese Hall, Lancashire and elsewhere in Great Britain. (OGA 2017) 3.4 Organisation responses; Igas and Caudrilla 3.5 General public and conservationists responses (Wildlife Trust etc.) Chapter 4 : Discussion 4.1 Comparison of the two counties policies and procedures. 4.2 Proposed further exploration sites and possible impacts, compensation etc. Interpretation of the literature generally and in relation to the two counties. Analogy with mining and the collapse of the industry in the UK. Political party in government and their views. Limitations of the study Chapter 5 : Conclusion and Suggestions for further research A summary. Critically evaluate the dissertation. Is there enough protection for wildlife conservation? Recommendations for further research. REFERENCES Carbon Brief. 2013. Carbon Briefing: what does extracting shale gas mean for the local environment?Science. Available at: https://www.carbonbrief.org/carbon-briefing-what-does-extracting-shale-gas-mean-for-the-local-environment. Davies, R.J., Almond, S., Ward, R.S., Jackson, R.B., Adams, C., Worrall, F., Herringshaw, L.G., Gluyas, J.G., and Whitehead, M.A. 2014. Oil and gas wells and their integrity: Implications for shale and unconventional resource exploitation. Marine and Petroleum Geology. 1-16. Delebarre, J., Ares, E., and Smith, L. 4 January 2017. House of Commons Library Briefing. Number 6073. Shale gas and fracking. Evans, D., Stephenson, M, and Shaw, R. 2009. The present and future use of land below ground. Land Use Policy 26S. S302-S316. Finkel M.L., and Hays J. 2016. Environmental and health impacts of fracking: why epidemiological studies are necessary. J Epidemiol Community Health. Vol 70. No 3. Great Britain. Department for Business, Energy Industrial Strategy (DBEIS). 2017. Guidance on fracking: developing shale gas in the UK [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/about-shale-gas-and-hydraulic-fracturing-fracking/developing-shale-oil-and-gas-in-the-uk. [Accessed: 27 February 2017]. Great Britain. Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC). 2013. Oil and gas: onshore exploration and production [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/oil-and-gas-onshore-exploration-and-production. [Accessed: 28 February 2017]. Great Britain. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). 2015. 2010 to 2015 government policy: sustainable development. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2010-to-2015-government-policy-sustainable-development/2010-to-2015-government-policy-sustainable-development#issue. [Accessed: 7 March 2017]. Great Britain. Environment Agency (EA). 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/environment-agency. [Accessed: 15 March 2017]. Great Britain. Oil Gas Authority (OGA). 2017. Exploration and Production Onshore. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ogauthority.co.uk/exploration-production/onshore/. [Accessed: 15 March 2017]. Great Britain. The Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering (RS RAE). 2012. Shale gas extraction in the UK: a review of hydraulic fracturing [Online]. Available at: https://royalsociety.org/~/media/policy/projects/shale-gas-extraction/2012-06-28-shale-gas.pdf. [Accessed: 7 March 2017]. Jenner, S. and Lamadrid, A.J. 2013. Shale gas vs. coal: policy implications for environmental impact comparisons of shale gas, conventional gas and coal on air, water and land in the United States, Energy Policy, 53, 442-53. Jones P., Hillier D., and Comfort D. 2015. Contested perspectives on fracking in the UK. Geography. 100. Part 1. Small. J. QC. 2013. Fracking Liability. The Estates Gazette; Sutton. 92-94. Stringfellow, W.T., Domen, J.K., Camarillo, M.K., Sandrillo, W.L., and Borglin, S. 2014. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of compounds used in hydraulic fracturing. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Volume 275, 37-54. a Ecological Engineering Research Program, School of Engineering Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA b Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Zillman, D.N., Lucas, A., and Beirne, S. (2015) 2014: An eventful year for energy law and policy, Journal of Energy Natural Resources Law, 33:1, 82-105 Zillman, D.N., McHarg, A., and Bradbrook, A. 2014. The Law of Energy Underground: Understanding New Developments in Subsurface Production, Transmission, and Storage. [eBook type]. Oxford Scholarship Online. Available from: NTU Library One Search. [Accessed: 9 March 2017] Shale Wealth Fund PM Gov.uk https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-rewrites-plan-to-put-money-from-infrastructure-in-the-hands-of-local-people BBC Politics. 2016. Fracking moratorium rejected by MPs. [Online]. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-30993915. [Accessed January 2017]. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/498160/160204_FINAL_letter_to_Mineral_Planning_Authorities.pdf Impact Assessment http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/384/resources Accessed 27 February 2017 Briefing Arrangements for fracking operations clarified. 2015. Planning, , pp. 32. APPENDIX 1.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As you look back on the last four years I'm sure you'll all remember them differently. Some of you will think of them as the best four years of your life and others, the worst. Some of you will think of them as the most fun you've ever had. Some of you will remember the friendships you've created, or all the things you've learned and will carry with you wherever you go. Most of all I think we should remember and be thankful for the fact they've been a relatively safe four years. We've had our share of bumps and bruises, but nothing really major. I am saying this mainly because in the past few months, especially, other schools have not been so fortunate. When they look back on their high school years, their memories shall forever be tainted by unspeakable acts of violence and rage. As you know, I'm referring to the 12 students and one teacher killed by two crazed gunmen. In the aftermath of these tragedies people have searched for someone or something to blame. They've gone from video games to the availability of guns, to the lack of attention by parents, teachers, and counselors, and even to the Internet, but finger pointing will not solve the problem. I can't say that I have all the answers but I know there are some things we can do. The problem, I believe, starts and ends with us. Those two students, from Columbine High School were outcasts and constantly teased. The sad truth about that tragedy is that it could have happened here. Honestly, we've all made fun of someone at some time, but toward the end of the year it seems as though we're all being nicer to each other, mainly because we're not going to be here much longer and we realize it simply isn't worth it. I think it would have been much better to have had this attitude at the beginning of high school instead of at the end. As we go through our lives we should not forget what we've learned. We are the future and we're responsible for the next generation. It is our job to teach them to be nicer to each other and more tolerant of their differences. We have to teach them not to solve their problems through guns or violence. That truly is the only way to prevent these senseless tragedies from occurring.

1960’s course work the Beatles

Source A can tell us many things about the impact of the Beatles in the 1960's; they were considered new fresh and an extremely â€Å"cool† band. They were a nation wide love, everyone seemed to be watching then as their first priority, with shops and stalls all closed when the Beatles were on television. Even in rush hour, when many people were normally trying to make their way home or get to their destinations, the streets were deserted, everyone knew where and what time the Beatles were playing. It was as though the nation was put on to pause when the Beatles were about to perform. Joanna Lumley herself remembers being in a hurry to get home in order to not miss the Beatles playing on TV. The fans watched eagerly as though the Beatles were a drug many people were addicted to. The Beatles seemed to have caught every ones hearts and eyes; they had a new approach to music which seemed to be able to attract almost everyone. Many people saw the Beatles as icons; they were ‘cool, hip, smart, lippy, charming and funny.' Definite icon qualities attractive to the young and the general public felt they could relate to them, often being called by their first names. The Beatles new approach to music , however , was not only loved by the public but was also highly influential in the entertainment and music industry providing inspiration to many bands and changing the face of music forever. For some people the 60's was seen to be the best times of the life's due to the new entertainment and what the Beatles brought in the way of fresh new music -‘it was very heaven to be alive'. Question 2 The effects of pop music in the 1960's are shown in source A, B and C, however all in slightly different ways. Source C is a description of a Beatles concert by Paul Macartney in 1984, he talks of there being a lot of screaming- therefore implying more screaming than in 1984, when people must have been more held back and more reserved than the 60's when at concerts seeing the live bands fans went crazy for seeing their star. This point was supported by source B, a description of a concert at which the stones were playing. However the audience is described a ‘maniacal, screaming mob'. They both talk of an extremely load and energetic crowd. However Paul Macartney believed many people exaggerated the crowds so they seemed like a manic mob when all they really wanted was to see their idols and the possibility of getting an autograph. It seems Macartney really knows what he is talking about and comes across as being nice and genuine to his fans talking of him chatting to his fans instead of running away from them in the manner of Jonny Ray. The way the Beatles were with their fans, being so friendly and willing to talk to them, may have been one of the reasons why the Beatles became so big. Source A really supports this fact, and tells us a lot of how big and popular they really were describing it as though they were everyone's purpose to get home when they were performing on television. Source A does support source C on this point however I don't think it supports it in any other way. Source B on the other hand doesn't really support source C as they are extremely contradictory about what is said about the effects of pop music on fans being harmful or just very enthusiastic. Macartney knew that the fan crowds were completely harmless and controllable. Where as some stars such as the stones saw them as being dangerous, when all they really wanted was to be as close as possible to their pop star. The sources were all written some time after the 1960's period, leaving time for exaggeration, source B is written closer to the 1960's than sources A and C, and to me seems to be less likely to be exaggerated and more truthful about the facts and information that is given to us in the source. Although the sources do support each other on certain aspects, they don't really give us a broad view of the effects of pop music in the 1960's telling us very little apart from how big some bands were and how the fans reacting to them. Question 3 Sources D and E are not particularly useful in helping you to understand why many young people believed that the 1960's gave them opportunities they had never had before. I think that the source were not particularly useful as they tell us only one aspect of young peoples lives at the time. However source D, and advert fro a popular music show ‘Ready, Steady, GO' in the TV times in 1965 does tell us some useful points. The presenter, Cathy McGowan, was at the time an extremely popular model and an idol for many girls in Britain. They would copy her hair styles and dress sense. So fro many people it was the one show to see if u had an idol as they were likely to be shown on this show. It was the only show at the time which showed the public their music stars performing without them having to go to a concert. People were fanatical about seeing the show, it was compulsory viewing and the one and only time in the week the public got to hear and see popular music. Although very popular the show tended to represent older tastes in music and did not cater fro teenagers. The source is good in showing that music and popular culture had a great impact upon how people viewed television and how celebrities became real stars, and were able to become idolised by the young. Source E, a description of radio in the 1960's, was written in the 1990's and there fore like some of the other source has the possibility of being exaggerated. However the source does tell us some useful point whether exaggerated or not. Radio before the 1960's did not cater to the teenage audience and the source implies that many teenagers had nothing much to listen to that was provided on the radio for them, before the invention of ‘Radio Luxembourg'saying that many teenagers were stuck with their parents. The new channel provided precisely what the young wanted, and because of that, would have been extremely popular providing a channel that played popular new music which no other radio station had done before. It was a great opportunity in the eyes of the young and the channel which was specifically directed towards them played nothing but pop music and was very commercial, the older generation were not so fond of it. But it helped music to become a much more dominant talking point for the young. Even thought reception was dismal and faded out every minute or so it was the only way to hear pop music on the radio at the time and many people now remember it fondly. The two sources both support the fact that music and celebrities were more broadcast and that for them was a huge opportunity, however neither of them tells us anything of other aspects of opportunity in teenagers' lives and are therefore not very useful in helping us to understand why many young people believed they had more opportunities. Question 4 The 1960's was a period of great changes, some for the better and others consider by some people for the worst. Some people did not like the changes that occurred and came to see the 1960'd as a period of bad influences on British society. Source F is part of an article from the Daily Mail, a conservative newspaper, reflecting right-wing political views. This shows how Mrs Whitehouse had traditional views and values and it is portrayed in the article that she was not pleased by the changes in the 1960's. The source talks about Mrs White house launching ‘a national campaign' to help writers who she believed deserved to have their work shown on television rather than the television shows she obviously disapproved of such as ‘Coronation Street' which started on ITV in the 1960's and showed everyday life. She obviously believed many programmes unsuitable to viewers and thought that they should be replaced with more Christian viewed programmes, replacing the scenes of sex, drugs and violence with more traditional valued programmes. Mrs Whitehouse would have also been a different generation, a teenager in the 1920's with less power than that of the teens of the 1960's.the 1920's were different for social Values, with a far more traditional type of society were teenagers had less freedom of expression and more responsibilities. In source G we are told of a singer, Janis Joplin who was extremely popular and at a time where music played an important part in social life popular singers were idolised. Many bands at the time were taking drugs, drinking, and staying out late in popular clubs and at the time there was a huge drug culture. Many other bands and musicians such as the top Mod band, The Who, wrote and performed what appeared to be socially dangerous music. They were also part of the ‘Psychedelia movement', encouraging experimentation with drugs. It was these people , Janis Joplin and The Who , which the young idolised and had great influence over, to people like Mrs Whitehouse they were bed role models and set the scene of drugs to seem ‘cool' and acceptable. Although Janis Joplin was a worse case scenario, she died of a drug over dose this at least showed teenagers the problems of drugs. Teenagers appeared to be following in their idols footsteps and it somewhat seemed as tough they were being encouraged to be rebellious and have freedom of expression rather than have responsibility and obligation. Many saw the introduction of the contraceptive pill and the legalisation of abortions as an increase in sexual immorality and were seen with disaprovement. The combined effect of the pill and abortion however did allow women to plan their lives with more ease and effectiveness. They could then limit the number of children and decide when they wanted them. This provided many women with more control over their lives. However Mrs Mary Whitehouse would have and I am sure did believe that they would encourage immorality and sex before marriage which were both against the Christian beliefs. Some also believed that it could lead to a break down of social values. Some people began to believe that these changes were not a good thing for society, and that the changes were undermining the family and as a result creating a weaker society, it would have been people such as Mrs Whitehouse who would have seen things in this way, people who believed in more traditional views and values. Whether this is correct I do not know, however even though something's such as drugs were more than likely a bad influence on society, without many of the changes the world would have become a very different place and women would possibly lead very different lives. Things such as the pill and abortion were definitely in my opinion great movement in science and a huge advantage fro women, however I can see why people with Christian views were opposed to it and how they later become to se the 60's as a period of bad influences with a higher rate of teenage pregnancies it is possible to blame it on the changes and a possible increase in sexual immorality. I think that many people who thought it was a period of bad influence were possibly mostly the older generation – Mrs Whitehouse's generation who felt afraid of the dramatic change in society and the behaviour of the young in the 1960 in comparison to their day. They would have also been the right age to have children of teenage to twenties who would have been experiencing all the changes the society now allowed them. Such as drugs and even dramatic changed in fashion with the introduction of the mini skirt, a huge thing at that time to be wearing a skirt 8 inches above the knee and it was so new and different. For many people change is scary and this was a period of huge change some good some bad however it is always easy to look back and see only the bad and not what was good from the 60's also. Question 5 The quote ‘Popular culture in the 1960's did more harm than good' I believe to be untrue. The 1960's did have some bad points which were possibly bad at that in that period and have not continued through to this day whereas most of the good things that were brought about in the 1960's such a new fresh exciting music ‘rock ‘n' roll' and new bands such as the Beatles, the new fashions and social ways of life have been continued and adapted to the way of life which we lead nowadays. The 1960's was highly dominated by teenagers, they had more money from a new affluence and were able to buy more music records and clothing and were respected by the entertainment industry (source H) for what they did for music and television. Source A tells us of ‘Beatle Mania' the Beatles were one of the most popular bands and were highly influential upon teenagers and the music industry. Source A is useful in telling us the extent of the effect of the Beatles upon the general public and how popular they really were. However the source is possibly exaggerated as the writer Joanna Lumley looks back on her past. I believe the public chose the Beatles to be their number one band because of their sheer personality on and off stage, but was equally as much to do with their musical style and material, and with the British youth with far more control over what was popular and what wasn't, they decided the Beatles were the best, taking the rest of the country with them. The Beatles pioneered the British cultural invasion of the states and the world and allowed many other bands and creative people to follow in their footsteps and show the world what they could do. The fact the Beatles music is still known and liked today shows they were an extraordinary band, and the way they saw their fans and audiences differently too many other bands would have help in their success. In source B a concert is described and The Stones were playing, the writer of the source ‘doubts if the stones ever played so close to their audience again.' and describes The Stones being surrounded by ‘a heaving maniacal mob'. This was not how Paul Macartney described his audiences, yes they were usually hysterical but never harmful. He describes them as screaming a lot but not appearing to be scary or in any way threatening. I believe that the Beatles and the many other bands of the sixties made the way for the way our music is now, so many bands are influenced from bands from the sixties and many bands today which try to invent their own individual style like the Beatles had. The Beatles seemed to sum up the sixties with the music they wrote, their clothes, hair, accents, and their off hand attitudes they were a recipe fro success. However their impact upon teenagers was unbelievable, they became not just performers, they were heroes. I think this type of idolising someone was harmful however, what with the drug culture in the 1960's many bands including the Beatles were taking drugs. Source G, a extract form a biography of Janis Joplin, a rebellious teenager with a powerful blues voice became highly successful and lived a life of ‘sex, dugs, and rock ‘n' roll' always taking things to excess she died of a drug over dose in 1970. It was people like these who were obviously highly covered in the media through their popularity and the drug habits and the way that all of them were doing it made it seem socially acceptable. These people were the young's idols they looked up to them and copied what they did, the example they set was not the right one and that it was probably one of the reasons some people came to see the sixties popular culture as doing harm, and I probably agree with that. However I do think that the popularity of drugs died out as the years went past and although people still take them today by no means are they considered at all socially acceptable. Television and radio were also greatly changed due to the new market of teenagers wanting to hear pop music. New radio stations were set up, such as the start of ‘Radio Luxembourg (source E) after producers realised that teenagers were the way of the future. And the teens didn't even mind if the reception was lousy and faded out every minute or so it was the only radio station that gave them the chance to hear the music they wanted to listen to, and there was nothing like that before. Then in 1964 ‘Radio Caroline' began broadcasting, this was pirate radio but was extremely popular with teenagers who could hear non stop pop music for the first time. However was extremely unpopular with the BBC and the government who tried to have them banned. The new shows introduced on to TV such as, ‘Ready, Steady, Go' (source D) and ‘Top of the Pops' showing the pop music stars performing in front of their very eyes without having to go to a concert. ‘Ready Steady Go' was compulsory viewing and had a wonderfully catchy cry,' the weekend starts here!', giving the feeling of excitement and freedom. The presenter at the time was a popular model and with fashion being very influential upon the young it was yet another reason to watch the show. To most people the music industry was just as case of the young having fun but some people saw the young losing their sense of responsibility and obligation. Others saw other programmes as being morally un-suitable such as the new programmes showing life as it really was and more scenes of sex, alcohol, and drugs. People such as Mrs Mary Whitehouse believed this (source F). She believed that the traditional family values were being lost through the wrong and influential shows on television and that they should be replaced with more Christian shows which had a sense of purpose. However the 60's didn't sacrifice things such as education as there were nearly twice as many people in full time education in 1969 than in 1961. Showing that the young were just having a good social life and were being better educated as a generation. I think overall the 60's did more good than harm, the period brought in many new and exciting things and gave women more control over their life with the introduction of the pill and legalisation of abortion. Fashion was new and exciting and always changing with the invention of the mini skirt which was controversial to say the least. I do think that young people were encouraged to act irresponsibly and it somewhat seemed almost expected of them. However I don't think it has done any real harm to society in the long run. However I think without all the changes that took place society would have been a worse place of less freedom and more constriction, I don't think the changes that took place have done any real harm and that the changes would have probably taken place in some other period if they had not happen it the 60's.

Attendance Management System for Provincial Human Essay Example

Attendance Management System for Provincial Human Essay Example Attendance Management System for Provincial Human Essay Attendance Management System for Provincial Human Essay Each trainee must have a DART (Dally Time Record) from which their time-in and time-out Is they are assigned. The office encourages each of the trainees to go to the person-in- charge once a month for them to check, validate and track their total training hours. Statement of the Problem The current process of checking the attendance and the time of the trainees is time consuming and not reliable. The manual computation of training hours is inaccurate. The records of the trainees attendance are not secured. Note: The Daily Time Record has high probability of being lost because of misplacement and unexpected natural phenomena. General Objectives: The project is aimed to design and develop Attendance Management System for PROMO On-the-Job-Trainees. Specific Objectives: Specifically this project aims to: Help the Administrator/Secretary to manage the records of the trainees effectively. Compute the total hours of training accurately. Secure the records of the trainees attendance. Significance of the Study The finished system will be beneficial to the following: Trainee they are given assurance that the attendance recorded for them is accurate because the proposed system will automatically compute their training hours. Moreover, because human intervention is eradicated, the fear of losing their Daily Time Record is got rid of. Administrator/Secretary they will not be involved anymore in the checking of the attendance. All they have to do is to validate the attendance of the trainees on the system and print the computer generated attendance report to IEEE the performance of the trainees. Scope and Limitation: The proposed system will only be for the use of the Provincial Human Resource Management Office Bombing, Uneven Vicar. The system will only support the basic information of the trainees. The system is capable of recording the attendance of the trainees and computing the total hours rendered of the trainee. Furthermore, the system is able to generate the summary of capturing the fingerprint of the trainee before and after their training which serves as their identification. However, the system is not capable of recording the trainees absences and their tardiness. CHAPTER II Reviews and Related Literature Today, there is a wide use of computers in a various application; a computation of bank statements, the use of robotics machine to speed up some factory works, enrollment and grading system in school and universities, networking and others. Man gradually realized the importance of computer to speed up communication even in remote areas and as means of transferring data for business needs. Computer can store information in a mass storage device. It can recall information in a speed of microseconds or even in nanoseconds. Therefore, man can easily retrieved stored information, change it and then store it again. Attendance Management Based from an online resource ( Weeklies. Com/what-is-attendance- management. HTML), Attendance management is a term used to describe the various managerial tools and strategies that aid in improving the regular attendance of employees. When effective, this type of attendance control helps the employer to avoid experiencing any downtime that may occur due to the absence of an employee, as well as help to prevent overloading other employees with additional tasks in order o avoid those downtime. A number of tools are used in the process of attendance management, including time clocks; employee maintained time sheets, and even time tracking software that helps to provide a snapshot of employee attendance over a specified period of time. One of the major goals of attendance management is to reduce the amount of absenteeism that occurs in the workplace. Purpose of Attendance Management The purpose of attendance management is to develop a willingness on the part of all employees to attend work regularly and to assist them in motivating their co- workers to attend work regularly. This can be done through; 1 . Addressing the physical and emotional needs of employees 2. Communicating the attendance goals of the organization so employees can understand and identify with them 3. Dealing with cases of excessive absenteeism effectively and fairly to produce deterrence. Management System Morris Slogan stated in his book Network and Distributed Systems Management that management of a system is concerned with supervising and controlling the system so that it fulfills the requirement of both the owners and users of the system. The management of the system may be performed by a mixture of human or automated components. What is Biometric? Biometrics means life measurement associated with the use of unique physiological characteristics to identify an individual. It is an authentication technique that relies on measurable physical characteristics that can be Identification based on biometric techniques obviates the need to remember a password or carry a token. A biometric system is essentially a patter n recognition system which makes a personal identification by determining the authenticity of a specific physiological or behavioral characteristic possessed by the user. Biometric cosmologies are defined as the automated methods of identifying or authenticating the identity of a living person based on a physiological characteristic. Several types of biometric identification schemes: face: the analysis of facial characteristics fingerprint: the analysis of an individuals unique fingerprints hand geometry: the analysis of the shape of the hand and the length of the fingers retina: the analysis of the capillary vessels located at the back of the eye iris: the analysis of the colored ring that surrounds the eyes pupil signature: the analysis of the way a person signs his name. In: the analysis of pattern of veins in the back if the hand and the wrist voice: the analysis of the tone, pitch, cadence and frequency of a persons voice. What is a Biometric Time and Attendance System? Biometrics is the identification of people based upon their physical characteristics; most commonly their fingerprints, hands, eyes, or facial features. While time and attendance systems are used to manage employee attendance, scheduling, and associated payroll tasks. Within time and attendance, biometric devices are often used as a punch clock in order to add an extra layer of security, accountability and efficiency. How Does Biometric Time and Attendance Software Work? Biometric Devices: Using biometric time and attendance systems allows employees to clock in and out using their fingerprint, retinal scan, etc. Often times this process is also accompanied by a PIN (Personal Identification Number) which must also match the fingerprint or other scan. Time and Attendance Software: Pairing your biometric device with a time and attendance software allows for more efficient payroll and attendance processing. Rather than spending hours adding up manually submitted clock-in and clock-out mimes, your biometric time and attendance software will allow you to automatically import data into your payroll software. This will significantly cut down on processing time and will eliminate errors derived from manually inputting information. Benefits of using Biometric Time and Attendance Software Accountability: By using a physical characteristic rather than simply using a swipe card or PIN, ensures that the employee is actually present. This avoids issues such as buddy punching, a term used to describe when other employees clock in and out for one another. Efficiency: Using a biometric time and attendance software allows or increased efficiency in multiple areas. First, employees dont have to worry about remembering to bring in a punch card or remembering a PIN, so there is less time spent on recovering lost passwords and manually inputting an employees clock-in time. Reduce errors: Time and Attendance software reduces the risk of human error and ensures and easy, impartial, and orderly approach in addressing specific needs without any confusion. Election devices may be used to control employee access to certain areas within a facility and track employee entry. Increase Productivity: Productivity increases cause the process is seamless and makes day-to-day operations more efficient and convenient. Eliminating legacy practices frees up employees time, decreases staffing overhead, and provides supervisors with timely labor data to more effectively manage their operations. Profit: A natural bi-product of increased accountability and efficiency is increased profit. By making employees more accountable to attendance times, you will increase productivity and only pay for time actually spent working. Fingerprint Biometric System Fingerprint Biometrics is a dynamic technology that provides an identification of a errors based on the acquisition and recognition of those unique patterns and ridges in a fingerprint. Standard systems are comprised of a sensor for scanning a fingerprint and a processor which stores the fingerprint database and software which compares and matches the fingerprint to the predefined database. Within the database, a fingerprint is usually matched to a reference number, or PIN number which is then matched to a persons name or account. The specific nature of todays biometric systems is associated with a specific use of the term biometrics. Biometrics is any use of biological data in technology. Biometric systems focusing exclusively on the identification of humans have become the major kind of biometric system in todays IT world. Finger Scanning Finger scanning is a biometric process; it involves the automated capture, analysis, and comparison of a specific characteristic of the human body. There are several different ways in which an instrument can bring out the details in the pattern of raised areas (called ridges) and branches (called bifurcations) in a human finger image. Biometric finger scanning offers improvements over ink-and-paper imaging. A omelet set of finger scans for a person can be easily copied, distributed, and transmitted over computer networks. In addition, computers can quickly analyze a finger scan and compare it with thousands of other finger scans, as well as with fingerprints obtained by traditional means and then digitally photographed and stored. This greatly speeds up the process of searching finger image records in criminal investigations. Fingerprint Matching A fingerprint is made of a series of ridges and furrows of the surface of the finger. The uniqueness of a fingerprint can be determined by the pattern of ridges and arrows as well as the minutiae points. Minutiae points are local ridge characteristics that occur at either a ridge bifurcation or a ridge ending. Fingerprint matching techniques: Minutiae-based techniques first find minutiae points and map their relative placement of the finger but is difficult to extract the minutiae points accurately when the fingerprint is of low quality. Correlation-based techniques require the precise location of a registration point and are affected by image translation and rotation. Large volumes of fingerprints are collected and stored every day in a wide range of applications including forensics, access control, and driver license registration. An automatic recognition of people based on fingerprints requires that the input The aim of this project is to develop a reliable attendance management system based on biometric fingerprint identification that can used to manage attendance of the trainees. Review of Related Studies A capstone project by Rosella P. Dung-ay, Marquee E. Naval and Jericho Rudy V. Victoria from Saint Marry University, Bombing entitled A Computerized Attendance and Payment Management System of Flex and Motion Fitness Gym is elated to the proposed project. This study manages the record of the customer to lessen the possibility of data loss and to monitor the customers attendance of Flex and Motion Fitness Gym. With this system, it improves organization of record and fast data retrieval. A project from Universities Identikit Malaysia Amelia by Mood Summary Bin Abdullah Sans with the title Attendance Management System using Fingerprint Scanner is similar to this the project . The aim of this project is to develop a reliable attendance tracking and recording system based on biometric fingerprint identification that can e used to monitor attendance of student. The system can automatically acquire, store and calculate the students data and attendance into a personal computer, PC or laptop. The main purpose of this project is to monitor the student attendance in lecture, laboratory and tutorial sessions in more efficient way. It will eliminate much of the problems and manual work associated with paper based system. This project will only involve the development of the software. Llama alfalfa is a capstone project proposed by Marline G. Bunyan, Alluvium C. Tubing, Hayden Galleon and Serenely Perez of Saint Marry University. This system covers the recording of time-in and time-out as well as monitoring the attendance of each employee. Crystalline Bonuses, Margaret Joy Riviera and Liege Samson, former students of Saint Marry University, proposed a project entitled A Students Library Attendance Monitoring System of Saint Marry University. The proposed project will help the students to login faster and easier, and store the records securely. The Library staffs then monitor the daily and total number of students easier and accurately. Another study related to our proposed project is a capstone project from by Rodeo Juicinesss Manage and Juniper Quito with the title Saint Marry University Varsity Attendance Monitoring System. This project was developed to help the varsity program in maintaining its credibility in the implementation of its time and attendance monitoring process.